Big bang model standard

Big Bang model (big bang) that the universe started with an explosion of aquatic about 15 billion years ago. In the explosion, the universe size should not be considered in energy density and temperature extremely large. After the explosion, the universe expansion and the people, allowing the structures as we have seen today.

At least three theoretical basis and practical guide to model. Interesting to know the writer of the first that the universe must have a starting point. Olbers paradox (1823) states that if the universe is not infinite - it must have time to do more so when looking at the sky, ray eyes I always see a star. And we will see the sky bright as the sun is always bright, even at night. The actual night sky dark Left. In the long prose poem Eureku 1848, Edgar Poe said that the stars do not have time for lighting the entire universe. Dark night sky and show the universe does not exist forever. Not only to stand firm before the challenge of time that theories also plays crucial role in the formation of the Big Bang theory.

Theoretical basis of second general relativity, that is not - time is the great amount of motivation, depending material simultaneously dominant material (note the opinion of Engels, that does not - time is a form of existence of matter). That led to the not - time is a form of existence of matter). That led to the not - so time and space can start and end, an idea originally of Einstein also sought to combat.

Practical basis of the model is to detect cosmic expansion of the Hubble in 1920. Space is expansion and increasingly far-flung galaxies show they are close together in the past, when the universe is smaller. Inference time sales will go back to the time of birth, when the entire universe concentrated in a point, where energy density, temperature and time curvature is not infinite. And a boom will cause the universe was born.

However, the density of matter or gravity is too large may cause the universe shrink as soon as both expansion. Along with other reasons that Alan Guth assumed inflationary expansion, allowing space increases in size in 1030 was only at the moment (from time to time of 10-35 typical 10-32 seconds after the blast). Overcome the international boundary because the success or failure, Tokushō expansion space and creating things, including ourselves we are.
That hot model universe expansion inflation standards. In 1991 when Hubble vision glasses on Cobe satellite which is background radiation from explosive remnants past exactly as predicted, Big Bang model is widely acknowledged.

Leave open issues

Big Bang is the best model at present, but of course it still has many problems, including at the beginning and bizarre ultimatum. Physical rotation point to avoid the bizarre, where a great amount of any value infinity - the only abstract mathematical world. Big Bang is so bizarre point and that should be avoided. Then Big Bang the universe was born, so what b. Big Bang? Not as a church model is very welcome, because Big Bang is the embodiment view of the creator.
One way to avoid problems is bizarre string theory of particle physics (basic). String theory see the most basic requests from bulbs universe is not particle (such as electronics, quarks ...) which is wire or wire with 10-dimensional super. There are 5 string theory and to 1995 people found that they are just versions of a theoretical foundation, rather than 11-dimensional membrane theory. Variation of different types of films are shown the fundamental particles that we see. The old view of particle size is high at no point should lead to bizarre, left the film because they have not determined the size, although very small.

Ultimate problem starting the more complex. A problem that the survey was finished. Cosmic expansion forever or gradually shrink in a large co (Big Crunch)? If enough material universe, gravity will win the gradual expansion and adequate physical space, gravity will win the gradual expansion and the universe will have to point them bizarre Department. And the explosion created us may be the result of that first. That model of the universe Wheeler samsara, the cycles of elastic connecting the circle as the Buddhist philosophy, a way to avoid the ultimate beginning.
Unfortunately Big Cruch is not a perfect mirror symmetry of the Big Bang. Once that space, the Photon will get more energy by strong market appeal. And the universe will end hotter start. As a result of the explosion as more powerful. This demonstrates that the universe still needs a starting point ultimatum, like models that have only one Big Bang. Poets have not lost so exciting.

Revolution last millennium

Samsara concept implies sufficient physical space to shrink. But that concept was rejected in 1998. The observations of supernovae led to a revolutionary conclusion: the universe expansion is increasing rapidly. That is not happy news for the premium model samsara prefer, where the universe and life could kill students incessantly.
Why is the universe expansion on faster? The answer is quite simple: because of lack of material needed. More importantly, the universe seems to contain a form of energy work particularly interesting feedback.
Several decades ago astronomers view the universe contains only ordinary matter light. When you see the rotation speed of galaxies so fast, people assume that many types of substances up to 10 times high light (enough to compensate for gravity by centrifugal force back the galaxy, otherwise galaxies would breakup). Substances are divided up into two categories; type (the brown dwarf, black hole ...) and type of strange (like neutrino has mass, the axion particle theories or Wimp ...). This type of material should be added or new energy, called dark energy, accounting for two-thirds volume of the universe:

Composition ratio (%) Minh Hoa

Radiation .005 Lighting, the electromagnetic radiation from more ...
Quality 0.5 solar light, the stars, the planetary systems ...
3.5 Quality at regular black hole, brown dwarf, black dwarf ...
26 exotic ingredients at a Neutrino mass, the axion particle theories, wimp ...
70 dark energy or vacuum energy component Thursday ...
Nature dark energy with negative pressure (to create a compelling response) is probably the long-term challenge for physics and cosmology.

The first is the power vacuum. Physical vacuum is not nothingness territory, but filled with particles - particles virtual feedback, students continually kill the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg. Accordingly, can not determine the exact value at the same time having great amount of physical contact (such as location and speed, great value pairs of physical contact with (such as location and speed, value and variance of a school physics ...). vacuum energy should not be different, because otherwise if the variance is zero; two great means of accurately determined simultaneously, which cause management of any prohibited. This is because student feedback seeds and virtual particles. 1cm3 immediate example of one, always have 1030 electronic virtual! They cause effects that are counted, the Casimir effect. Calculate the density that they form energy 10,120 times larger than other types of material, a world of physical cause dizziness!

Candidate second component Thursday (pun by Aristotle, who see the four elements water, fire, air and land makes the universe). Simplest is a quantum field changes very slowly over time, the mechanism explaining inflationary expansion phase. Possibilities from the physical dimensions miraculous balance, ie wire membrane 11 pm 10 pm or above. In this theory, matter often lies on the three-dimensional membrane. The film is near to each other in this way the 11th. Light by the hologram to the eye membrane that takes billions of years, while the attractive effects (feedback or attractive) to the right with the balance and create value estimate extremely large as just said. However, the mathematical difficulties to make a complete model is impossible only immediate but also future .